From the conventional radiology to the imaging

As the equipments of X-rays were improved making them more efficient and insurances were beginning other modalities of images. This way, after the disaster of the Titanic, for example, big efforts developed for obtaining a method that was detecting the obstacles under the sea. The use of the ultrasound of high frequency in maritime problems began in the first world war and the investigations, between 1948 and 1958, for the application of this technology to the diagnosis it was a work as a whole of personnel and military, industrial and medical equipment; nevertheless, it was not until ends of the 70 that achieved the equipments in time royal as we know them nowadays.

The progress of the computer science has and it will continue having a great influence in the radiology. In 1972, the Britisher Hounsfield presents in London the first tomógrafo computarizado, in which the image is not analogical, as in the conventional, but digital radiology. The equipment, which cost a prize him Nobel prize, was developed on the basis of the mathematical works, in 1917, of the Australian Radon and to those of a South African, Cormack, in 1950, on the distribution of the doses of radiotherapy caused by the heterogeneity of the regions of the body.

The tomógrafo measures the similar attenuation of the X-rays they happen across a section of the body from different angles, and then, with the information from these measured, the computer is capable of reconstructing the image of the cut. The most recent contribution of the technology to the diagnosis for the image is the magnetic resonance. His discovery cost the prize them Nobel prize of Physics in 1952 to Bloch and Purcell, but it was not until 1981 that published the studies of the first patients submitted to R.M.'s technology with the espectroscopía, which would allow a precise location of the source of the metabolic live activity.
The great difference of the magnetic resonance with all the other technologies takes root in that instead of radiations a pulse of radio frequency uses and, once finished the pulse, there is caught a sign from the patient, which is processed by an equipment computarizado to reconstruct an image.